Terra Galleria Photography

360 Panoramas

This year, I’ve been experimenting with a new technique: 360×180 panoramas. Such an image captures the entire visual sphere, panning over 360 degrees and tilting 180 degrees from straight down to straight up vertically. Flattened with a spherical projection, as in the two images of Arches National Park which illustrate this post, it looks strange, but instead it is presented as a virtual visit so that the viewer can interact, using a normal angle of view, with the panorama with the mouse or touch gestures by rotating it in all directions and zooming in and out, as if we was standing there.

360 panoramas are in some sense opposite to photography, because by definition, no attempt is made at selective framing. I personally view them as a form of multi-media, since the viewer explores with motion, however unlike in video, he is the one choosing the camera motion, which could make them more captivating.

On the other hand, a particular time and viewpoint still needs to be selected. Because of the space encompassed, their choice is even more critical than in photography. I find they are at their best in places which offers interesting views in all directions, such as Petes Mesa.

From a conceptual point of view, there is something ultimate about recording the entirety of the visual experience of standing at a particular point in space and time. All the photographs that you could have potentially made are included in a single 360 panoramas, at least in theory, if it was done with enough resolution and dynamic range. You could just sit at your computer and reframe your view at leisure.

360 panoramas are of course nothing new, being the basis of Google Street View. This year Google has been trying to democratize them by incorporating “photospheres” into Android. However, there is as much difference between those implementations and mine as there is between casual snapshots and fine prints. Besides the choice of time and viewpoint, consider that the 360 panoramas that I present are assembled from at least 15 full-frame DSLR (5Dmk3) images – more when HDR is used – resulting in images of at least 16000×8000 pixels which yield virtual views that will look good on even the largest screens. In order to prevent parallax errors, which would certainly cause visible mis-alignment in those truly high-resolution panoramas, I used a two-axis panoramic head on a tripod, which in turn requires tricks to eliminate from the panorama.

Here is a first set of 360 panoramas from my trip to the Colorado Plateau last fall. For full effect, be sure to view in full-screen mode.

I’d appreciate it much if you let me know what you think of the presentation. For instance, do you prefer delayed auto-rotation or no delay, as in the two last panos of Capitol Reef ? Slow auto-rotation, or faster, as in the last pano ?

Best Photobooks 2013: the Meta-List

I am compiling again a meta-list of best photobooks for the year, using the same methodology as for the Best Photobooks 2012 Meta-List.

The meta-list was seeded with the Aperture/Paris Photo PhotoBook AwardsShortlist – curiously, AOI [COD.19.I.I.43] – AZ7 [S/COD.23](2013) by Rossangela Renno, who won that award (as well as Arles) was the last of all 10 titles to be mentioned on another list. It then includes every “real” list on the phot(o)lia compilation, which I encourage you to visit to follow the links to those lists. I will update it on a weekly basis until the end of the year, when Photo Eye releases their own meta-list. Although overlapping is inevitable, this meta-list will not use the Photo Eye entries. At that point, there will be two large and distinct meta-lists which will be interesting to compare. The Photo Eye contributors are “photo luminaries” while the source for this meta-list is more democratic, including mainstream publications and individual bloggers.

Last year, I had waited for the flow of lists to subside before compiling the meta-list, but by that time, several of the titles were already sold out. Although this year I am releasing the meta-list early, as of beginning December, several top titles – some of them released in the fall – are sold out (I bought the last copy of two of them) notably Dalston Anatomy, Iris Garden, Silvermine, Karma, Grays the Mountain Sends, She Dances on Jackson, Two Rivers. Those who follow closely the world of photobooks and attend festivals certainly do not need the meta-list to hear about interesting titles. I hope that for others, like me, the meta-list can be a useful starting point.

Final update Dec 30, 2013

(22 votes)
Rasen Kaigan. LIEKO SHIGA Akaaka

(21 votes)
Holy Bible. BROOMBERG & CHANARIN Mack
The PIGS. CARLOS SPOTTORNO RM Verlag/Phree

(17 votes)
A Period of Juvenile Prosperity. MIKE BRODIE Twin Palms Publishers

(12 votes)
Iris Garden. WILLIAM GEDNEY & JOHN CAGE Little Brown Mushroom

(11 votes)
Dalston Anatomy. LORENZO VITTURI Jibijana Books/SPBH Editions
She Dances on Jackson. VANESSA WINSHIP Mack

(9 votes)
Excerpts from Silver Meadows. TODD HIDO Nazraeli
Two Rivers. CAROLYN DRAKE self-published

(8 votes)
Ametsuchi. RINKO KAWAUCHI Aperture
Control Order House EDMUND CLARK Here Press
Dark Knees. MARK COHEN Editions Xavier Barral
Emmet Gowin EMMET GOWIN Aperture
Grays the Mountain Sends. BRYAN SCHUTMAAT Silas Finch Foundation
Karma. ÓSCAR MONZÓN RVB/Dalpine
Photojournalists on War: The Untold Stories from Iraq. MICHAEL KAMBER (editor) University of Texas Press
Sergio Larrain. SERGIO LARRAIN Aperture / Thames & Hudson
Silvermine. THOMAS SAUVIN Archive of Modern Conflict

(7 votes)
New York Arbor. MITCH EPSTEIN Steidl
The Canaries. THILDE JENSEN Lena Publications

(6 votes)
An Atlas of War and Tourism in The Caucasus. ROB HORNSTRA & ARNOLD VAN BRUGGEN. Aperture
Away From Home. KURSAT BAYHAN self-published
Birds of the West Indies. TARYN SIMON Hatje Cantz
Food. HENK WILDSCHUT Post Editions
In and Out Of Fashion. VIVIANE SASSEN Prestel
Scoffing Pig. NOZOMI IIJIMA Reminders Photography Stronghold
The Grey Line. JO METSON SCOTT by Dewi Lewis
The Photography of Nature & The Nature of Photography. JOAN FONTCUBERTA Mack
This is Mars NASA/MRO Xavier Barral

(5 votes)
Far. EMILE HYPERION DUBUISSON Adad books
Paris in My Time MARK STEINMETZ Nazraeli
Scarti. ADAM BROOMBERG & OLIVER CHANARIN Trolley
Sometimes I can not smile. PIERGIORGIO CASOTTI self-published
Tokoyo No Mushi. YOSHIICHI HARA Sokyusha
Vía Pan Am KADIR VAN LOHUIZEN Paradox

(4 votes)
Almost There. ALEIX PLADEMUNT Mack
Ezekiel 36:36. NICK BALLON LAB Project
Hotel Oracle. JASON FULFORD The Before long Institute
Mass. MARK POWER GOST books
Surrendered Myself to the Chair of Life. JIN OHASHI Akaaka
Swell. MATEUSZ SARELLO Instytut Kultury Wizualnej
The Secret History of Khava Gaisanova. ROB HORNSTRA & ARNOLD VAN BRUGGEN Sochi Project
Top Secret: Images from the Stasi Archives. SIMON MENNER Hatje Cantz
Tractor boys. MARTIN BOGREN Aman Iman / Dewi lewis.
Wall. JOSEF KOUDELKA Aperture
We Make the Path by Walking. PAUL GAFFNEY self-published

(3 votes)
10X10 American Photobooks. RUSSET LEDERMAN, OLGA YASKEVITCH & MATTHEW CARSON (ed) bookdummypress
82 DAVID THOMSON Archive of Modern Conflict
A01 [COD.19.1.1.43] — A27 [S | COD.23] ROSÂNGELA RENNÓ RR Edições
Across the Ravaged Land. NICK BRANDT Abrams
Amateurs & Lovers. NIKOLAY BAKHAREV Dashwood Books
Ariphoto selection vol. 4. ARIMOTO SHINYA Totem Pole Photo Gallery
Bright Nights.TOD SEELIE Prestel
Casa de Campo ANTONIO XOUBANOVA Mack
Dual 1 and Dual 2. TOSHITHUGU YAMAWAKI
Garry Winogrand. GARRY WINOGRAND Yale University Press
Genesis SEBASTIÃO SALGADO Taschen
Gregory Crewdson. GREGORY CREWDSON Rizzoli
Hesitating Beauty. JOSHUA LUTZ Schilt Publishing,
History of the Visit. DANIEL REUTER Self-published
Hustlers. PHILIP-LORCA DICORCIA SteidlDangin
Imitation of Christ. WILLIAM E. JONES Mack
L’amoureuse. ANNE DE GELAS Le caillou Bleu
Orchard Beach: The Bronx Riviera. WAYNE LAWRENCE Prestel
Self publish be happy book club vol. III. CRISTINA DE MIDDEL, Self Publish Be Happy
Self-Portraits. VIVIAN MAIER Powerhouse
Skeletons in the Closet. KLAUS PICHLER self-published
Stakeout Diary. YUKICHI WATABE roshin books
The Arrangement. RUTH VAN BEEK RVB Books
Water EDWARD BURTYNSKY Steidl
Zimbabwe: Your Wounds Will Be Named Silence. ROBIN HAMMOND Actes Sud/Foundation Carmignac Gestion
_08:08 Operating Theatre. PINO MUSI

(2 votes)
A Guide to the Flora and Fauna of the World ZHAO RENHUI Institute of Critical Zoologists
A Remote Barely Audible Evening Walz. MAX SHER Treemedia
AKT. MAJA FORSSLUND Steidl
Ad Infinitum. KRIS VERVAEKE self-published
After the Threshold. SANDI HABER FIFIELD Kehrer
Ahlan! NURIA CARRASCO Self-published
Almost. GUY ARCHARD
American Colour 1962-1965. TONY RAY-JONES Mack
Anticorps. ANTOINE D’AGATA Editions Xavier Barral
Beautiful Pig. BEN SCHONBERGER Self-published
Before They Pass Away JIMMY NELSON Teneues
Bill Brandt Shadow and Light. BILL BRANDT | Moma
Black Country Females. MARTIN PARR Multistory
Breathing the Same Air. NELLI PALOMAKI Hatje Cantz
Cinque Paesaggi, 1983-1993. GUIDO GUIDI Postcart/ICCD
Conflict Resolution LOUIS PORTER self-published
Contacts. TOSHIO SHIBATA Poursuite
Costa JOSÉ PEDRO CORTES Pierre Von Kleist
Cut Shaving. JAAP SCHEEREN Fw:
Dorothea Lange. Grab a Hunk of Lightning. DOROTHEA LANGE Chronicle Books
Einmal ist keinmal. MIKA KITAMURA Therme
Empire. JON TONKS Dewi Lewis
Etan & Me. VIVIANE SASSEN Oodee
Eternal Chase. TAMIKO NISHIMURA
Field Trip. MARTIN KOLLAR Mack
Fires. RON JUDE Museum of Contemporary Photography
Flash Up (reprint). SEIJI KURATA Zen Photo Gallery
Foreclosures. BRUCE GILDEN Brown Editions
Fragments of calm. SUDA ISSEI Toseisha
Gasoline. DAVID CAMPANY Mack
Gecko. TAKUMA NAKAHIRA Little Big Man
Here are the Young men. CLAIRE FELICIE self published
Hier. JITKA HANZLOVA Koenig Books
How to be a Photographer in Four Lessons. THOMAS VANDEN DRIESSCHE André Frère Éditions.
Humans of new york. BRANDON STANTON St. Martin’s
I smell like rain. VERENA BLOK Self-published
Imaginary Club. OLIVER SIEBER GwinZegal & BöhmKobayachi
Imogen Cunningham. IMOGEN CUNNINGHAM TF Editores/D.A.P.
Kennedy in Berlin. ULRICH MACK Hirmer
LDN2. ANTHONY CAIRNS Archive of Modern Conflict
Love and War. GUILLAUME SIMONEAU Dewi Lewis
Lucas. ERIC STEPHANIAN Self-published
Mandy and Eva. WILLEKE DUIJVEKAM Eigenverlag
Mitakuye Oyasin. AARON HUEY Radius Books
Nangokusho ATSUSHI FUJIWARA Sokyusha
Offrenda. SEBASTIAN SZYD & NANDITA RAMAN AC Photo
Ostalgia. SIMONA ROTA. Fabulatorio
Paris mortel retouché. JOHAN VAN DER KEUKEN Willem van Zoetendaal
Pierdom. SIMON ROBERTS Dewi Lewis
Ping Pong Conversations. ALEC SOTH with FRANCESCO ZANOT Contrasto
Ping Pong. ALEC SOTH, GEOFF DYER & PICO IYER Little Brown Mushroom
Prince Street Girl. SUSAN MEISELAS. Catherine & André Hug
Shanxi.ZHANG XIAO Little Big Man
Sheets. RINKO KAWAUCHI Kominek
Shinan. MICHAEL KENNA Nazraeli
Shrove Tuesday. KAI KEIJIRŌ Totem Pole Photo Gallery
Speaking of Scars. TERESA ENG If / Then Books
Splinter. EVA VERMANDEL
Still Lifes, Portraits and Parts. DANIEL GORDON Morel Books
Storms. MITCH DOBROWNER Aperture
Strangely Familiar. PETER MITCHELL Nazraeli
Sworn virgins. PEPA HRISTOVA Kehrer Verlag
The Black Photo Album / Look at Me: 1890–1950. SANTU MOFOKENG Steidl
The Christmas Tree Bucket. TRENT PARKE Steidl
The Disappeared. VERONICA FIEIRAS self-published
The End of la Belle Epoque. MISHA PEDAN Kimaira Publishing
The Fourth Wall. MAX PINCKERS Self-published
The Non-Conformists. MARTIN PARR Aperture
The Waiting Game. TXEMA SALVANS RM Editorial
The good earth. ANDREAS WEINAND Peperoni
Twin Boat. KOJI ONAKA Session Press
Vanishing existence. KOSUKE OKAHARA Backyard project
Veins. ANDERS PETERSEN & JACOB AUE SOBOL Dewi Lewis Publishing
Vietnam, the Real War PETE HAMILL Abrams
VisibleInvisible. DOROTHEE DEISS
Você está feliz? MIGUEL RIO BRANCO
War/Photography: Images of Armed Conflict and Its Aftermath. ANNE WILKES TUCKER Yale University Press

Sunrise at Petes Mesa, Canyonlands National Park

It is rare to find yourself at a location with a spectacular view in all directions, and even rarer when that location has been photographed only by a few. This post shows a variety in space and time of images made at sunrise from a single viewpoint at Petes Mesa in the Maze District of Canyonlands National Park, during the Maze Canyonlands 2013 Photo Tour.

The hike starts from the Chimney Rock trailhead (map). With the appropriate high-clearance 4WD vehicle – stock SUVs may not be enough for most drivers – you can drive 37 miles from the Hans Flat Ranger station to there in about 5 hours. Otherwise, there are two options for backpacking in, both of them taking a long half-day: you can drive down the Flint Trail switchbacks – steep but not too rocky – to the top of the Golden Stairs with any 4WD in dry weather, or you can be dropped by jet-boat at Spanish Bottom in the summer. Water sources are rare and found only down the canyons.

The Petes Mesa trail is primitive enough that it is referred to as a “route”, however it is reasonably well marked by cairns, and the terrain is not difficult, as you are mostly walking on rock slabs. We followed it until it made a sharp left turn to descend into the Maze. At that point, we continued on the ridge to the edge of Petes Mesa, at the base of a rock tower typical of the Land of Standing rocks, looking North.

This is looking North-East towards the La Sal Mountains and the rising sun. Our 5am start placed us there half an hour before sunrise, which in mid-October happens around 7:30am (to figure that out I like www.sunrisesunset.com).

On the East, Jasper Canyon is totally off-limits to human travel, in an effort to keep intact one of the most pristine canyons of the southwest – unlike others, it was never grazed.

On the South, lie the Land of Standing Rocks. The rock formation on the horizon is Chimney Rock where the trailhead is situated, about 4 miles away from Petes Mesa.

On the West, the aptly named Maze, bounded by the Elearite Butte, forms a thirty square mile convoluted puzzle inscribed in sandstone, with more side canyons you’d think possible in such a small area. 20 minutes before sunrise, the sky, not yet illuminated by the sun, is still blue, while the land reflects the warm glow of the horizon with delicate tonal gradations.

Between 10 to 5 minutes before sunrise, both the sky and land are bathed in a warm glow, which disappears quickly from the sky as it gets directly lighted by the sun.

The Chocolate Drops, a slender formation of Organ Rock Shale capped by White Rim sandstone, forms an important navigational landmark for hikers. A few minutes after sunrise, their shadow help outline their shape despite the scene being almost front-lit. At that time, the lit part of the land glows a bright red. The part in the shade is quite dark, but for a brief instant, the contrast is low enough that the latter can easily be brightened in post-processing even if a graduated filter was not used at capture time.

Half-an-hour after sunrise, the upper part of the scene now lacks shadows, but they are still present in the bottom part to impart some depth. Afterwards, it was time hike into the Maze, where steep walls offer favorable light even mid-day.

Sunrise at Petes Mesa was actually an improvisation. We were to camp at the Maze Overlook, possibly the best panoramic viewpoint over the Maze, situated on the opposite side. Navtec had secured a campsite there six months in advance of the trip, but we lost our reservation when the trip was moved because of the National Parks shutdown. The Maze Overlook site fills up fast as it is more easy to access by road than those at the Land of Standing Rocks, which require driving through Teapot Canyon, the most difficult road in the Maze. The distance from our Standing Rock campsite to the Maze Overlook is just 4 miles as the crow flies, but it takes 5 hours by road, for just 34 miles. Since everybody preferred to hike rather than sit in the car for 5 hours of bumpy roads (plus 1.5 hours of backtracking), we stayed for a second night at Standing Rock, and hiked to Petes Mesa for that view of the Maze from above instead of the Maze Overlook view.

Although it has been photographed considerably less than other views from Island in the Sky, the Maze Overlook is somehow a classic. On the other hand, given that one needs to hike in the dark for four miles, I doubt that more than a few photographers have captured the sunrise from Petes Mesa. Will you be the next ?

View more images of the Maze District of Canyonlands

Maze Canyonlands 2013 Photo Tour Diary

Despite being sold out in a week – group size is strictly limited by the NPS -, the Maze Canyonlands photo tour almost did not happen. It was initially scheduled from October 8 to October 12, shortly after the new moon. When the federal government shut down on October 1, all the National Parks closed. As I followed the Washington gridlock with anxiety, the participant group showed amazing flexibility: despite traveling from far corners of the US, all agreed to try and delay the tour by a week, starting on October 14 instead, with a cut-off date of October 12. On October 12, having wired state funds to the federal government to pay for their normal operation for ten days, Utah re-opened its five National Parks. The new dates meant that we had lost all of backcountry campsites, but our guide was able to nevertheless secure enough sites for slightly reshuffled itinerary.

Because of the adventurous nature of the tour and its location, I was anticipating a group with great ability, company and camaraderie. It was indeed a pleasure to travel and photograph with such fine people and photographers, and I grateful to Kurt, Dave, Roland, Kendra, Michael and Rebecca for making the photo tour a success despite the setbacks.

Our lead guide Brian Martinez – best canyon guide ever ! – of Navtec Expeditions deserves special praise for his skills and can-do attitude: waking up at 3.30am to prepare coffee, leading a group on miles of sparsely marked, primitive backcountry route in pitch dark so that we could get at our chosen photography location in time ? No problem, this is something Brian would have suggested himself, meeting all challenges with a reassuring and contagious laughter, also heard each time he stirred the car over a tough obstacle. Despite particularly long days, Brian and Matt safely drove the 4WD vehicles on hair-rising roads and cooked meals way more elaborate than they needed to be (like Dave wrote, see some of them in his photos). Even though I am a vegetarian, I ate better than at home.

In the following, for the sake of simplicity, I’ll use my images, but be sure to check terrific work in the participants albums:

Besides their personal takes on the same subjects, many that I did not even see – always a great benefit of traveling with other talented photographers, they produced many images which capture so well how it was to be on the trip.

Day 1

After a quick shoot at Horseshoe Reservoir, we stopped at the Hans Ranger Station to confirm conditions and campsites, then had a lunch and shoot at the High Spur site with great views over the other side of Canyonlands.

In the afternoon, we hiked the High Spur slot canyon for 2.5 miles of beautiful and varied narrows without meeting anybody, a stark contrast in both length and visitation with something like Antelope Canyon. Brian said to hold on photographing because it would get better, but it was difficult to do so. The canyon required some squeezing in pretty tight spaces, but was not technical. There was only one short downclimb for which Brian pulled out a short rope, which turned out not necessary once the backpacks were passed hand-to-hand.

We emerged from the canyon just in time for sunset, then hiked, drove some, and set-up our camp, readying for one of our two early starts.

Day 2

We got up at 3.30am and hiked the steep Deadman trail into Horseshoe Canyon in the dark to try and photograph the Great Gallery with stars, using the short window after moonset but before dawn. The Great Gallery, considered by some (including the well-traveled Michael Kelsey) to be the best rock art panel anywhere, was painted by the Archaic People who lived in Utah from 8,000 to 2,000 years ago, predating the Anasazi.

The reflected light morning glow on the panel did not happen because of clouds, but the light on the panel was still better than the direct sunlight most visitors see. Overcast conditions were also favorable to photograph the autumn foliage in the canyon, which contrasted sharply with the dry desert environment above.

After late breakfast, we embarked on a long driving day, going down the famed Flint Trail after a brief white-out with snow flurries. While driving over rock ledges in Teapot Canyon, we understood why the Maze District is traveled only by 3% of visitors to the Canyonlands National Park. Although our guides drive expedition-grade four-wheel drive vehicles with lifts and massive tires, constant attention and tricky maneuvers were required.

We made a few stops to photograph roadside. Since the light was weak, we sought details, such as in this area with bentonite and petrified wood.

The day before, another Navtec vehicle had broken its gear box. We quickly said hi to the one-armed (!) traveling mechanic who was sent to replace the part in the field before reaching our camp.

Day 3

Camping at the Dollhouse #3 site, one of the most remote “road”-accessible locations in the US, we walked out of our tents for a sunrise session over the spires of the whimsical spires, just ten minutes from camp.

After breakfast, we hiked a short loop (only 1.5 miles, but took 3 hours with photography) to an overlook above Surprise Valley and the Colorado River, visiting also a beautifully lit chamber – where Michael stirred up sand to create sunrays – and an ancient granary.

After driving to the Land of Standing Rocks and setting up our camp, we went for a late afternoon hike of a few miles on the Chocolate Drops trail, where we stayed until dusk.

We hiked back in the dark, then did a moonlit night photography session at the camp while the guides were busy cooking dinner. Because of the bright moon, we had to find lighted subjects for a sense of night, so we included our tents in compositions.

Day 4

This was going to be a big hiking day. We got again a very early start in order to get to Petes Mesa in time for sunrise. I’ll highlight this fantastic location in another post.

Afterwards, we hiked down to the bottom of the Maze via the Pictograph Fork – most dangerous hike in North America according to Backpacker magazine – where we saw lovely interlocking canyons that very few get to visit. The difficulty of travel comes more from the remoteness, the multitude of side canyons which all look alike, than from the terrain, as the canyons are wide and have sandy bottoms.

Mid-way our 12-mile loop, which everybody completed easily, we stopped for lunch at the base of the Harvest Scene. The panel of life-size pictographs, in the Barrier Canyon style identical to the Great Gallery in Horseshoe Canyon, is named so because one of the figures, at the right, appears to be holding a sheaf of rice grass.

After returning to camp and resting a bit, we drove to Chimney Rock for sunset, then were happy to return for a second night to our amazing Standing Rock campsite.

Day 5

On our last morning, we rolled out of our tents to photograph a view of the Maze from above, lit by the first rays of sun, with the Chocolate Drops under which we had hiked the previous day.

This was another long driving day to get out of the Maze district. The roads are so difficult that reaching Chimney Rock requires 8 hours of driving from Moab, although it is less than 40 miles as the crow flies. To make it worse, during our lunch stop/shoot, my tripod tipped over as I took my eye out of it to talk, and upon impact (eventually resulting in a $700 repair bill) the memory card self-ejected from the 5D3, seemingly over a cliff. I am grateful to the group for spending time to comb the surroundings, eventually finding it, however at the expense of their own photo time.

Instead of backtracking North to Moab and spending all that time in the car, we visited the southern part of the area, before being met by a plane at an airstrip near Hite. During the flight, we had the satisfaction to see from the air the terrain we drove and hiked. As everybody had a window seat (with even a few to spare), we made good use of the light, landing at the Canyonlands Field Airport near Moab just before sunset.

After a quick shower in our respective hotels, we gathered in a restaurant to celebrate a great trip, before meeting Brian and Matt at the Navtec office later in the night to retrieve our bags. I cannot believe it’s been already a month since we left the canyons. Thanks again Brian, Matt, Kurt, Dave, Roland, Kendra, Michael and Rebecca !

If you can find two weeks for a photographic adventure of a lifetime next spring, consider my Grand Canyon by Raft Photography Workshop, since this is a rare opportunity which may not be offered again. The locations are even more remote, but the trip is actually less demanding.

Sunrise at Chasm Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park

In my previous visits to Rocky Mountain National Park, I had concentrated my efforts in the central portion, including the Parks (local name for sub-alpine meadows), Glacier Basin, and Trail Ridge Road. Flying into Denver, I book-ended my early summer trip to the Rockies and Great Plains with quick forays to the two sides of Rocky Mountain.

The West side, consisting of the Kawuneeche Valley, lacks the spectacular views found in other portions of the park. I found instead a beautiful valley with abundant wildlife including moose and elk, and only few other visitors. I photographed mostly near a beaver pond to which I returned for sunrise. Although it was summer in a very popular national park, the campground was not filled-up by late afternoon.

After traveling to Badlands, Wind Cave, Theodore Roosevelt National Parks, I returned to Rocky Mountain for my last morning of photography. Back at Estes Park at 9pm, after an afternoon stop at Fort Laramie, I was looking at a short night of sleep. For my last morning in the Rockies, I was going to photograph the sunrise at Chasm Lake, accessed from CO 7 on the East side of the Park. Sunrise in early July takes place at about 5:30am. The trail to Chasm Lake is only 4.2 miles one-way, however it starts at 9,400 feet and gains 2,400 feet. Since I planned to be there before pre-dawn, I started to hike at 1:30am. I had read on websites that because the first 3.25 miles of this trail is shared by Longs Peak hikers, you’re likely to encounter heavy crowds, no matter what time you start out. However, I did not see anybody until well after sunrise.

I easily followed the well-used trail in the dark, until the confusing signs at the Chasm Lake – East Longs Peak Trail junction, where the main trail was marked as “Boulder Field” and the Chasm Lake not at all. City lights shone in the distance, well below, but I couldn’t see the mountain terrain well in pitch darkness, so I had to pull out my compass and search-grade light. As the trail descended briefly towards a stream, when I saw the water, for a brief moment I thought I had arrived, before realizing that there wasn’t much water there. Just below the lake, the trail died into a jumble of class 3 rocks.

Since this short but steep scramble is typical of alpine lake outlets, I knew that after that last obstacle, I had arrived, however in the darkness, I could barely see the water. I set up my secondary tripod and camera at the lake’s edge for a night-to-day timelapse, framing the composition by trial and error. Take a picture, check the LCD, move the camera slightly, repeat. When it became light enough to see, I located a better viewpoint for stills, near a small inlet that added some interest to the lake’s surface. Further investigation of the lakeshore confirmed that this was the best I could find, but also turned out a bivy spot that I may use in the future, especially since the alpenglow that morning was weak because of a band of clouds on the eastern horizon.

When I arrive at a new location, the first thing I do is try and capture the big picture, in this case the sheer Diamond face of the park’s highest summit, Longs Peaks (14,255 feet), reflected into Chasm Lake, nested in a cirque which was easily the most impressive location I have seen in Rocky Mountain National Park. This was what I came for, and I was not going to miss photographing it however how iconic it may be. To include the peak and its reflection, I was glad that I carried a 14-24 lens, using the wide end in some images. Having secured that image, I then proceeded to look for details large and small. The rocks in the water and those reflected are the same granite, separated by perspective and light – which alone created a warm/cold color contrast.

Early morning had been absolutely clear, without a single cloud in the sky, but as it happens almost daily in early summer, by mid-morning, the sky was already filled with dark clouds. By 11am, thunder could be heard and some rain fell. When I’ll hike the Longs Peak trail, I’ll make sure to get an early start. On non-loop hikes, I like going up in the dark not only for the efficiency (cooler temperatures, and no photography to distract you from the goal and make you arrive late), quiet and wonder, but also because during the descent I can discover the landscape as if I was there for the first time. The softer light was perfect for photographing the streams, which I did while keeping an eye on my watch.

By the time I had photographed the lake to my heart’s content, a substantial number of fit-looking hikers had arrived. It was time to leave, especially since I was to catch the flight home this afternoon in the sprawling Denver International Airport. The trail gets enough visitors that the Park has installed an open-air toilet in the meadow below the lake, providing the best view I have had from a toilet seat. At the trailhead, I found the parking lot – which was empty when I had arrived, since no overnight camping is authorized – to be chock full, with overflow parking along the access road stretching several hundred yards.

View more images from the Chasm Lake hike
View more images from Rocky Mountain National Park.

National Park Foundation calendar covers

For their 2014 Calendar, the National Park Foundation has chosen several of my National Parks images, including for the cover, just like they did in 2013. I know from experience that this is not an uncommon in publishing, but I still find the reversed left-to-right Channel Islands odd. What do you think of the practice ?

I support both the National Parks Foundation and the National Parks Conservation Association, two excellent organizations that work on behalf of our parks. Since they are sometimes confused, let me take this opportunity to clarify their differences.

The National Park Foundation (NPF) calls itself “the official charity of America’s National Parks”. It is “official” in the sense that the NPF was chartered by Congress, is chaired by the US Secretary of Interior (who also overseas the National Park Service) and its board of directors are nominated by the US government. It was started in 1967 by Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady during the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson, after whom a beautiful grove in Redwood National Park is named. NPF is a “charity” in the sense that funds contributed to the NPF go into programs that directly benefit the national parks. For instance, your gift to the NPF may help fund the restoration of the Elwha River in Olympic National Park, after the NPS began in Sept 2011 the largest dam-removal project in U.S. history.

The National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA) calls itself “the only independent, membership organization devoted exclusively to advocacy on behalf of the National Parks System”. It is an “independent, membership organization”, because it was created as a citizen’s watchdog for the National Park Service, as early as 1919 (the NPS was created in 1916), by none other than Stephen Mather, the first director of the National Park Service. This independence make it possible for the NPCA to be critical of the government (including the NPS), while the NPF stays silent on all controversial issues. The main work of the NPCA is “advocacy”, which includes educating the public about the importance of preserving the parks, convincing lawmakers to pass laws to fund and protect the parks, and going to court to help enforce them. For instance, the NPCA, together with allied environmental organizations, lobbied successfully for the passage of the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (1992) and to secure associated funding.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Elkhorn Ranch

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is unique amongst the 59 National Parks in that it protects not only an exceptional landscape, but also the memory of an exceptional man, the president who did far more for the National Parks and environmental conservation in the US than any other. This summer, I finally visited the place most closely associated with him in the park, the remote and solitary Elkhorn Ranch.

The son of a prominent New York family, Roosevelt first came to the western North Dakota Badlands in 1883, aged 24, to shoot one of the area’s few remaining buffalo. However, he fell in love with the rugged land and lifestyle. Back to New York, his wife and his mother both died on Valentine day of 1884. In June, he returned to the Dakota Territory to grieve. There, he built the character that allowed him to go on to greatness while living the life of a cattle rancher and hunter. The restorative power of wilderness inspired him for his crusade to save wild and special places in the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park comprises three separate units. Most visitation occurs in the larger South Unit (photo above) easily accessed from I-94 through touristic Medora. It has a scenic loop drive and the more extensive trail system. The smaller North Unit is much more quiet – in a park which is already amongst the lesser visited. I remember the skies there being pretty dark 10 years ago, but when I returned this summer, as I set out for some night photography, I was surprised by the light pollution (photo below).

During my two previous visits to the park, I had missed the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. I had been told that it is just 218 acres, and accessible only by 30 miles of remote 4WD roads, so I did not attempt to get there with my rented passenger car. In the meanwhile, I had read extensively about environmental conservation in the US and the history of the national parks, so my admiration of Theodore Roosevelt had only grown. Because this is Roosevelts home in North Dakota, I could understand why despite its tiny size it is considered to be the crown jewel of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. This time equipped with a SUV, I resolved to visit the Elkhorn Ranch.

The excellent map provided by the NPS in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park newspaper made is easy to navigate the maze of unpaved roads. If you go there, be sure to obtain it at the South Unit Visitor Center, since the roads are scantly marked, and there is no signage pointing to the Elkhorn Ranch. In dry weather, they did not present difficulties, and in fact did not require 4WD, but I could see them easily becoming too muddy to be passable after rains.

Although I met only a few oil trucks, I noticed quite a few oil wells. Starting with the discovery of the Parshall Oil Field in 2006, the Bakken oil boom has propelled North Dakota to become the number two oil-producing state in the country (just behind Texas), and the state with the lowest unemployment rate, helping the US get to the brink of overtaking Russia as the world’s largest producer of oil and gas combined. The boom brought about a wholesale industrialization of the western North Dakota countryside, resulting in the light pollution that I had noticed in the North Unit.

Arriving in late afternoon at the Elkhorn Ranch site, I did not see any other visitor there. By the time I left, the next mid-morning, no other visitor had arrived. Where else can you experience an entire National Park Unit by yourself for that amount of time ? The solitude could have been as extreme as during the times of Theodore Roosevelt. In 1884, he had came back to the Dakota Territory looking for a new ranch site. After riding 30 miles up the Little Missouri River, he found this site he liked, because of the isolation: “My home ranch lies on both sides of the Little Missouri, the nearest ranch man above me being about twelve, and the nearest below me about ten, miles distant”. He named this ranch – his second one – the Elkhorn after he found the horns of two male elk interlocked at the site. The elk had been butting heads when their horns became locked. Unable to extricate themselves, they died of starvation.

I parked outside the fence, and opened the distinctive gate. The grassy trail consisted only of a band of shorter grass delimited by taller grass. Wonderfully soft under the feet, like a natural carpet, it contributed to the perception that although man had been there, the landscape had minimal development, remaining the way it was, when Roosevelt first found it.

After about half a mile, the trail forked. The right branch went to the Little Missouri River, whereas the left branch led to the ranch site itself, enclosed behind another fence. All that was left are massive foundation stones. Tracing the boundaries of his ranch house, I took in the starkly beautiful view I imagine Roosevelt had from the ranch’s broad veranda. I could immediately feel why he enjoyed it so much. Although both the South Unit and North Unit have more spectacular views or interesting rock formations, there was another kind of more intimate beauty on display here.

The large cottonwoods – some of which date from Roosevelt’s time – and meadows lining the Little Missouri created a sense of serenity amongst the rugged badlands. This was the most inviting and peaceful site I had seen, through the more than thousand miles I had driven in a week, from Rocky Mountain National Park, through the Badlands and Black Hills of South Dakota. For the first time on the trip, where as usual I was trying to do too much, I relaxed and just laid in the grass, listening at the cottonwood leaves quake in the wind and the birds sing.

In the late 19th century, Roosevelt witnessed from there the environmental degradation in the Badlands wrought by overgrazing and overhunting, an experience that led directly to the development of his influential conservation beliefs. The idea of the national government taking an active role in the conservation of America’s natural resources has roots in Roosevelt’s experiences at the Elkhorn Ranch. For this reason, the place has been called “cradle of American conservation” and considered by many as a hallowed shrine. I wondered, if Roosevelt was returning today, what would he have thought of the distant rumble of pump jacks that can be heard from the ranch site, which can only increase as the oil boom continues ? For now, the view remains the same as Roosevelt saw it, but for how long ?

View more images of Theodore Roosevelt National Park
View more images of the Elkhorn Ranch Unit

The Everglades in Summer

Being sub-tropical, South Florida has only two different seasons. The wet season starts around the middle of May and continues through to November with the last major storms. During this time, South Florida gets a lot of rain and everything gets really wet. The dry season runs from December through April. During this season, everything starts to dry up in a short amount of time. Not only are temperatures cooler, but the dryer air also make the air feel more crisp.

In the past, I had always recommended a winter visit to the Everglades, writing for instance in a handout for my 2010 NANPA Summit presentation: “During the rainy summer season, water submerges most of the Everglades, spreading out the wildlife. As water bodies shrink during the dry winter season, countless birds gather at the water holes, making it easy to photograph them. Winter offers the smallest concentration of mosquitoes in Everglades and Biscayne, as well as pleasant conditions, while summers are hot and humid.”

Common wisdom agrees, since the high tourist season in South Florida is indeed winter, when prices for lodging climb sharply and Everglades National Park schedules most of its activities. Many photographers come to the Everglades primarily to photograph the birds, for which winter is the season of choice. However, not all photographers operate under common wisdom. For my specialty, landscape photography, I had long guessed that summer could actually present the best conditions. This summer, I had the chance find out for myself.

At first glance, I noticed that during the wet season, the vegetation looks green and lush, whereas in winter it is kind of brown and dead-looking. High water levels enable beautiful reflections.

I saw this native Butterfly Orchid, which blooms only during the summer, as well as the Pond Apple, and several others.

During the winter skies are often cloudless all day. In summer powerful afternoon storms move in daily. Those storms are often localized, with an extension of less than 10 miles, so the sky is not all overcast. This means dramatic skies, an important element in a very flat landscape.

Clouds also translate into beautiful sunsets. Behind this serene image, some danger lurked. Paurotis Pond in Everglades National Park is bordered by thick vegetation with just a few openings, so to get a good perspective I had to wade in the water while keeping an eye for an alligator hanging out at the other end.

The super-heated storms produce frequent lightening, relatively easy to photograph because the storms are so localized. While it takes some luck to capture such an image with a single frame, setting up the camera to fire long-exposure continuously, I was sure not to miss anything and I got a time-lapse as well.

The state of Florida spends a great deal of resources to control the mosquito population, particularly in high tourist areas like the Keys. Of course, such programs are not applied in a protected area such as Everglades National Park. I was surprised that mosquitoes weren’t much of a problem during the day even in the heart of the park. However, at night they were definitively in full force, even in the pinelands, which is the areas where they are normally the less dense.

In the swampy areas – which is to say most of the Park – bugs got much worse. However, I came well equipped, with the Bug Shirt based on a recommendation from local photographer Paul Marcellini (do not miss his excellent Everglades Photography E-book if heading towards the area). Even though, it was difficult to concentrate because of the loud buzzing around. The mesh used to keep mosquitoes off your face also makes everything look darker, which does not help at night. I used my headlamp, standing on the side for cross-lighting, to illuminate the dwarf pond cypress. Light on the horizon is from the Miami metro area. The clouds continued to enhance the sky, even at night !

I felt confident enough in my bug protection to walk a mile (each way) into Biscayne National Park, to photograph the mangrove coast at night, when the access road was closed. During the day, the light is always difficult there, but at night a lantern provided nice illumination for an image not commonly seen.

On this trip, I actually spent the bulk of my time in the Dry Tortugas, where the summer conditions were great, but based on what I saw, despite the uncomfort of the season, I plan to return at some point to the Everglades in summer.

See more images of Everglades National Park

History Channel 2014 calendar + National Parks ranked

For their official 2014 Calendar, the History Channel Club has chosen 12 of my National Parks images, including 12 parks not featured in their 2012 calendar: Wrangell St Elias, Arches, Biscayne, Grand Teton, Big Bend, Saguaro, Olympic, Death Valley, Shenandoah, Isle Royale, Redwood, and Haleakala.

Speaking of National Parks selections, The Active Times recently embarked on the almost Sisyphean (and akin to a parent picking a favorite child) task to rank all 59 of the National Parks, considering factors such as accessibility, the diversity of activities available, biodiversity and straight-up awe factor. What is The Active Times ? A relatively new website dedicated to the outdoors, fitness, endurance and adventure sports launched in June 2012 by former Forbes.com CEO Jim Spanfeller and John Rasmus, founding editor of Men’s Journal and National Geographic Adventure. In the process, they asked me for my list of top 20 parks – a good answer to the frequently asked question “what are your favorite national parks ?”. See how it differs from their final list of 59 parks ranked. I’d love to hear about YOUR favorites !

A summer visit to Dry Tortugas National Park

In July, I returned to Dry Tortugas National Park. Considering that I had visited the Park three times before, each visit longer than the previous, and that its main area, Garden Key, has a tiny size of 400 meters by 500 meters, 3 days/2 nights may sound a lot of time to spend, but this turned out to be barely enough to create the new images I had planned.

As described in much detail in post #37 of National Parks Photo Spots series, I have photographed one favorite view quite a few times, but had not been successful in capturing it with sunset colors. My first two visits were day trips. On my only overnight stay, a decade ago, cloudy skies meant that the sunset was a monochromatic blue. This time, I got two good chances to create images with a mix of warm and cold hues. On the first evening, the clouds were low, so the color was great looking West, but kind of muted looking North. The second evening was more favorable, so having two chances was useful.

Last time I visited, the first full frame digital camera had yet to be released. This time, I felt confident shooting at ISO 3200 on the 5Dmk3, which let me work in the middle of the night. Despite the 1.4 maximum aperture of my 24mm lens, 30s (maximum shutter speed for point stars) were still necessary as the tropical sky was partly cloudy. Fortunately, distant thunderstorms intermittently illuminated the sky. In winter, the seas can be rough. With no waves sweeping over the seawall in the calmer weather of summer, I was able to leave my camera all night with an intervalometer and capture those flashes of light, part of a time-lapse sequence.

Camping on Dry Tortugas is a wonderful experience. A cluster of trees provide shade for most of the spots, which are only a minute walk from the beach. Because there is no freshwater on the island (“Dry”), there are no mosquitoes unlike on Florida mainland. During the day, up to 200 visitors arrive with the daily Yankee Freedom ferry and the seaplanes. A day visit doesn’t leave much time: the ferry arrives around 10.30, and leaves at 2:45. By mid-afternoon, day-trippers are gone, so that you share the island with at the most one or two dozen campers. In late afternoon, when the light is less favorable for underwater explorations, and the sun less harsh, the fort is deserted.

A bit of planning is necessary, since camping there is primitive: facilities are limited to clean chemical toilets, except during the time when the ferry is docked when you can use its facilities and get some iced water as well, and the Fort itself could make for an excellent emergency shelter. Everything you need, in particular food and water, has to be brought, however I had no difficulty handling all my gear, which included a huge duffel bag, heavy Pelican case containing a underwater housing, camera bag, and large cooler. Wheelbarrows are available at the deck in Key West and at Garden Key. The official stated 60 lbs per person luggage limit isn’t really enforced by the Yankee Freedom crew. The only thing I have to warm you is to make reservations for camping transportation well in advance. The National Park will not deny you a camping spot (first come, first serve, stake shady spots quickly !), but the Yankee Freedom has a strict limit on the number of campers they will transport on each trip. Besides ample time, sunset, sunrise, and night photography opportunities, you get to witness the daily cycles of life on the island, such as thousands of colorful hermit crabs of all sizes and shapes crawling up all the place, even trying to scale trees, in the summer evenings.

Garden Key is the centerpiece of the park and the only frequently visited key, but of of the seven diminutive Keys that make up the Dry Tortugas, Loggerhead Key is actually the largest. Maybe because it is home to one of the tallest lighthouses in Florida, it appears deceptively close, but is separated from Garden Key by three miles of open ocean. Only a maximum number of 24 visitors are allowed each day on Loggerhead Key, but this number is almost never reached, since there is no public transportation from Garden Key to Loggerhead Key. In winter and spring, high winds make the crossing problematic. I rented a sea kayak in Key West from Marty Stonely, who specializes in renting kayaks to be taken to the Tortugas. Marty arranges for the kayak & gear to be delivered and picked-up at the ferry pier, and also provides safety equipment, including the essential marine radio. After observing the weather patterns on the first day, I became weary of the tropical storms. They could appear out of nowhere, at any time of the day. One minute, you are sweltering under the tropical sun, but before you know it, the temperature drops by 15 degrees, torrential rains soak you, and as you are buffeted by high winds, all of a sudden staying on course and keeping warm becomes a concern when you have no place to hide.

I was still planning to paddle solo to Loggerhead, but then I was fortunate that captain Glenn Patron, Gale, Ron, and Jean were also planning to sail to Loggerhead Key that day on their 50-foot sailboat Encore. I am extremely grateful to them for letting me ride along and for their kind hospitality on that day. On the way to Loggerhead Key, we did get hit by a tropical storm in the morning, and had to wait it out for more than one hour before we could dive the Windjammer. I was glad not to be on the water by myself since I am not sure I would have had the fortitude to continue in those conditions. Like the other keys of the Tortugas, Loggerhead Key is almost entirely covered in sand, with little arable land, so the vegetation is desert-like. There are also long and totally deserted beaches, but the main draw of Loggerhead Key are its outstanding reefs.

The total surface area of Dry Tortugas National Park is 64,701 acres, but only 104 acres are above water. This means that the park is more than 99% water. While winter is the popular season in Florida because of the cooler temperatures, lack of oppressive humidity, rain, and biting insects, summer is the better time for underwater activities, because the water is warmer, calmer, and clearer. I thought that a split-image would illustrate best the idea of the improbable Fort Jefferson rising out of pristine tropical green-turquoise waters. I photographed at mid-day so that more light would penetrate the water. To execute such an image, you need to have a large contact surface between optics and water. The Nikonos I previously used doesn’t work for this. This time, I had a 5Dmk2 with a 17-40 and a +2 diopter inside an Ikelite underwater housing equipped with a 8-inch dome port.

The reefs of Dry Tortugas lie in the Gulf of Mexico, at its juncture with the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The intermixing of those three ecosystems results in a one-of-a-kind collection of marine life which is totally protected in the National Park and quite undisturbed because the remoteness of the location. Just outside the fort seawall, the snorkeling is already good, with an abundance of corals visible as you stroll the seawall, and it gets more interesting as you swim away.

The best snorkeling in the park is found in two sites off Loggerhead Key. The Windjammer is the most popular dive site in the park. It is the nickname of a three-masted ship that wrecked on Loggerhead Reef in 1901 and since then has be resting in shallow water. The structure forms an artificial reef attracting a host of fish from small tropicals to huge jewfish. The maximum depth is 20 feet, with a small piece of wreckage breaking the surface, making the site also suitable for snorkeling. I wished I had scuba gear, since photographing while free-diving is much trickier with a large camera housing, however for logistical reasons, the only practical way to scuba dive the Tortugas is to come on a live-aboard diving boat.

Located off the north side of Loggerhead Key, and easily accessed from the beach, Little Africa Reef (named for its shape), is protected and calm. It had the densest concentration of corals at shallow depth I saw anywhere. I could hardly find any sandy spot to stand, and the water was so shallow than you had to swim in zig-zag in order to avoid touching the corals. The shallow depth made it possible to capture vivid colors, even without a strobe, which is always difficult to handle while free-diving.

Our explorations of Loggerhead Key took an entire day. On my last day, I had to pack my gear to have it ready on the dock at 10:30, so the time went pretty fast. By comparison, see the perspective of a day traveling family on what to see and do in Dry Tortugas. In retrospect, I wished I had stayed for the maximum of three nights allowed, as there were still spots on and around the island that I did not explore, even though at this point my gallery of pictures of Dry Tortugas National Park is already the most comprehensive on the web.